History of18th Century Ireland
As Ireland progressed into the 18th century, religious and political reform had already taken place. With the concentration of plantations in Ulster during the 17th Century Ireland, the invasion of Oliver Cromwell and the Williamite War, Britain had better control over Ireland.
Laws were created to hinder the influence of Catholics within Irish politics. Such laws included no Catholic could hold public office, have the right to vote, be an officer in the army or be in the legal profession. Although people were given a choice, either have no rights or denounce their Catholic faith.
1700's Famine
In 1739 & 1741 famine had struck Ireland removing a quarter of the population. Rural areas were mainly effect but the spread of disease made starvation more wide spread around the island.
Ireland Gets Political Independence
Protestants were running the Irish Parliament in Dublin and although they had political powers they still had to answer to the British parliament in London. Politicians persuaded London to grant the Irish Parliament legislative independence which occurred in 1782. This now meant new laws did not need to be passed by England, nor could they be changed but the Irish parliament would always remain loyal to Britain.
The creation of the United Irishmen
By the late 18th Century other events in Europe would influence how Ireland would deal with its current problems. The French Revolution took place in 1789 with people in Ireland seeing how strength in numbers could make change.
The United Irishmen society was formed by Belfast Presbyterians as debating society but would turn to seek unification of Catholic & Protestants as one nation. Wolfe Tone, a writer and a Protestant became a thorn in England’s side which seen the United Irishmen outlawed.
Irish Rebellion of 1798
In August a French army tried to land in Donegal but was captured. One of the French officers arrested was Wolfe Tone in disguise. He was taken to Dublin to be tried for treason but rather than let the British execute him he took his own life. The savage atrocities that took place in 1798 saw nearly 30,000 people lose their lives, known in history as the Irish Rebellion of 1798.
Republican liberty had now taken a backseat to a new master, one which has reached into the modern day – animosity between Catholics and Protestants. The Irish parliament was quick to act and in 1798 disbanded and in an act of union in 1800 Ireland became part of the United Kingdom.
When George III became King of Great Britain and Ireland he promised to uphold a Protestant state. This meant that no Catholic could hold a seat in parliament. This led a few years later to the formation of the Catholic Association by Daniel O’Connell who left a mark in Ireland’s 1800 history.
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18th Century History Timeline
- 1740 - Famine strikes Ireland killing approx 400,000 people.
- 1759 - Guinness is brewed for the first time. 1760 - French invaders commanded by Francois Thurot attack Carrickfergus looting the castle only to leave again.
- 1763 - Irish leader Theobald Wolfe Tone is born.
- 1791 - The Society of United Irishmen is founded.
- 1795 - The Orange Order was founded by James Wilson, Daniel Winter and James Sloan.
- 1796 - 14,000 French soldiers attempt to land off the Shouthern coast of Ireland to help with the Irish Rebellion. Due to bad weather the landing is cancelled.
- - The Royal Black Preceptory, a Protestant fraternal society, is founded.
- - Kilmainham Gaol in Dublin is built.
- 1798 - Irish Rebellion of 1798 - One thousand French soldiers land at Kilcummin County Mayo to support the Irish.
- - The Irish Rebellion spread to Ulster
- - Henry Joy McCracken was captured and excuted for his role in the Irish Rebellion.
- - Theobald Wolfe Tone dies in prision.
